Animal Reliefs of Stratonikeia and Lagina Studies at Stratonikeia 7 _{Stratonikeia ve Lagina Hayvan Kabartmaları Stratonikeia Çalışmaları 7}

The ancient city of Stratonikeia and the sanctuary of Hecate of Lagina are among the cities located in the interior of Caria. One of the studies conducted at the ancient city and sanctuary is the study of animal reliefs. This book examines 45 distinct depictions of 18 animals on 35 blocks discovered and examined in the city. Thirty-seven of these reliefs belong to the Augustus-Emperors Temple of Stratonikeia, the nymphaeum of the north city gate, the gymnasium, the latrina and altar of the Hecate of Lagina, and the north stoa. However, the site of eight of the reliefs is currently unknown. The studied figures date between the Augustan period and the 3rd century AD.

The depictions also provide information about the region's ancient fauna. The specimens discussed here are species identified in faunal surveys conducted in the city. The animals embossed were well-known to the masters, and it appears that they were not imported to the city from abroad. Existing species were incorporated into the artistic narrative, and the fauna of the region, in search of new styles, was highlighted by local decorative elements.

Based on the rendering of the figures, it is difficult to say that there are any exact examples. Ideology and propaganda are evident in the figures. It is believed that this ideology was implemented in the city using local materials, craftsmanship, and transference, and it has been determined that the animals seen in Roman-based structures are the product of the same thought.

İçindekiler
ÖNSÖZ ..................................................................................................................................................V
1. GİRİŞ .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Coğrafi Konum ................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Yapılan Kazılar ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3. Bölgenin Tarihsel Süreci .................................................................................................................... 4
1.4. Yapılar ................................................................................................................................................. 9
1.4.1. Surlar .......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.4.2. Tiyatro ...................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.3. Augustus-İmparatorlar Tapınağı ............................................................................................... 11
1.4.4. Gymnasion ............................................................................................................................... 12
1.4.5. Bouleuterion ............................................................................................................................. 13
1.4.6. Kuzey Şehir Kapısı ve Nymphaeum ........................................................................................ 13
1.4.7. Kuzey Sütunlu Cadde ve Hierokles Anıtı ................................................................................ 14
1.4.8. Roma Hamamları ..................................................................................................................... 16
1.4.9. Batı Sütunlu Cadde .................................................................................................................. 17
1.4.10. Latrina .................................................................................................................................... 17
1.4.11. Kutsal Alanlar ......................................................................................................................... 18
1.4.11.1. Lagina Hekate .......................................................................................................... 18
1.4.11.2. Zeus Panamaros ....................................................................................................... 21
1.4.12. Menteşe Beyliği, Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet Dönemi Yapıları.................................................. 21
2. BETİMLENEN HAYVANLAR .............................................................................................................. 23
2.1. At (Equus caballus) ........................................................................................................................... 23
2.2. Balık (Pisces) ..................................................................................................................................... 28
2.2.1. Yunus (Delphinus delphis) ....................................................................................................... 33
2.3. Boğa (Bos primigenius taurus) ......................................................................................................... 36
2.4. Kaplumbağa (Testudo graeca) ......................................................................................................... 39
2.5. Köpek (Canis lupus familiaris) ........................................................................................................ 42
2.6. Kuş (Aves) ......................................................................................................................................... 48
2.6.1. Bülbül (Luscinia megarhynchos) ............................................................................................. 49
2.6.2. Güvercin (Columba oenas) ...................................................................................................... 50
2.6.3. Kartal (Aquila chrysaetos) ....................................................................................................... 52
IV İçindekiler
2.6.4. Keklik (Alectoris chukar) ......................................................................................................... 55
2.6.5. Kırlangıç (Hirundo rustica) ..................................................................................................... 56
2.6.6. Kuzgun / Karga (Corvus corax / Corvus corone) .................................................................... 57
2.7. Tavşan (Lepus europaeus) ................................................................................................................ 59
2.8. Yılan (Platyceps najadum) ................................................................................................................ 62
3. HAYVAN KABARTMALARININ YAPILARA GÖRE DAĞILIMI .................................................. 67
3.1. Augustus-İmparatorlar Tapınağı .................................................................................................... 69
3.1.1. Kuş (Aves) ................................................................................................................................ 72
3.2. Gymnasion ........................................................................................................................................ 83
3.2.1. Tavşan (Lepus europaeus) ........................................................................................................ 83
3.3. Kuzey Şehir Kapısı ve Nymphaeum ............................................................................................... 87
3.3.1. Yunus (Delphinus delphis) ....................................................................................................... 89
3.3.2. At (Equus caballus) .................................................................................................................. 93
3.3.3. Boğa (Bos primigenius taurus) ................................................................................................ 95
3.4. Latrina ............................................................................................................................................... 97
3.4.1. Kartal (Aquila chrysaetos) ....................................................................................................... 98
3.5. Lagina Hekate Tapınağı Altarı ........................................................................................................ 98
3.5.1. Balık (Pisces) ......................................................................................................................... 100
3.5.2. Kaplumbağa (Testudo graeca) ............................................................................................... 108
3.5.3. Köpek (Canis lupus familiaris) .............................................................................................. 109
3.5.4. Boğa (Bos primigenius taurus) .............................................................................................. 112
3.5.5. Kuş (Aves) .............................................................................................................................. 115
3.6. Lagina Kuzey Stoa.......................................................................................................................... 120
3.7. Yapısı Belirli Olmayan Betimlemeler ........................................................................................... 121
3.7.1. Paye ........................................................................................................................................ 121
3.6.1.1. Yılan (Platyceps najadum) ........................................................................................ 121
3.6.2. Entablatur ............................................................................................................................... 125
3.6.2.1. At (Equus caballus) ................................................................................................... 125
3.6.3. Konsollu Korniş ..................................................................................................................... 133
3.6.3.1. Yunus (Delphinus delphis) ........................................................................................ 134
4. DEĞERLENDİRME VE SONUÇ ........................................................................................................ 135
KATALOG .............................................................................................................................................. 139
KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................................................ 184
KAYNAKLAR ............................................................................................................................................ 185
FİGÜRLER DİZİNİ .................................................................................................................................. 201
TABLOLAR LİSTESİ ............................................................................................................................... 203
GRAFİK LİSTESİ ..................................................................................................................................... 203